In the processing of gold ore in general should be done gradually, from the newly excavated ore from mines with very low levels of about a few grams/tonne course still needs to be upgraded to high-grade gold ore reached levels above ten grams/tonne in the way of enrichment or concentration so that it becomes feasible to extract gold.Which can chemically using CyanidationMethod , Froth Flotation, Heap Leaching and others. Except for high-grade gold ore or Gold Ore that is naturally a large grain size, so grain can be seen with the naked eye or without a microscope, the ore of this type can easily be separated by panning, carpeted and or proceed with the amalgamation of mercury, forming amalgam gold and after that to get enough through the smelting of gold bullion that contains metal impurities such as Silver, copper and other metal followers.
Mill produces Copper concentrates and gold from ore mined by separating valuable minerals from impurities that covered it. The main steps are crushing, grinding, flotation, and drying.Change the scale of destruction and milling the ore into fine sand size in order to liberate granules containing copper and gold for the separation process and to prepare the appropriate size to the next process. Once the size of the ore is reduced, the process is then performed concentration / concentration by separating minerals from mineral impurities of gold, in order to obtain higher ore grades. On the Alluvial Gold Deposits, ore excavated directly into this stage
In the separation of mineral ores there are two separation techniques, ie physical separation by gravity separation and chemical separation by flotation separation:
- Gravity Separation / Separation of gravity: Gravity separation is a mineral separation process based on the density difference between particles and particles of ore impurities.
- Froth Flotation / Separation flotation: Froth flotation is a separation process ore from mineral impurities by way of float ore to the surface through binding to the froth.
Concentration / separation by gravity methods utilizing differences in density of the density of gold with other minerals in rocks. That in general the density of gold (19.3 ton/m3) and the density of other minerals in rocks generally range from 2.8 ton/m3). Mineral carrier of gold is usually associated with minerals (gangue minerals). Associated minerals are generally quartz, carbonate, tourmaline, flourpar, and a small amount of non-metallic minerals.Gold mineral carrier is also associated with sulphide deposits that have been oxidized. Mineral carrier of gold consists of gold nativ, electrum, teluride gold, some gold alloys and compounds with the elements sulfur, antimony, and selenium. Contain adequate native gold between 8% and 10% silver, but the content is usually higher. Electrum actually another type of gold native, only the content of silver in it> 20%. If the amount of silver increases, the color becomes whiter.
Gravity method would be effective if done on the material with the same diameter as the diameter of the large differences in the behavior of light material (small density) would be equal to the weight of material (large density) with small diameter. It is therefore necessary screening process and Classifying:
- Grizzlies, non moved screens
- Vibrating screens
- Spiral classifier
Panning : gold concentrate is a tool that uses the most simple principle of gravity.
Sluice Box : more widely used to separate the ore minerals because it has the same efficiency with the concentration of the other equipment but has a simpler construction than the spiral concentrator, shake tables and jigs, and can process more ore than the trays.
Spiral Concentrator : is able to separate heavy metals in the size range 3 mm to 75 microns (600-200 mesh).
shaking table: the tool is effective to separate gold from rock oxyde at 200 micron, 400 micron sulfide rocks, and 1000 micron silica.
Jigs: is an easy alternative concentrator operated, can generally be run effectively on the largest size of 2 cm and the smallest 10 mesh.
Then the results of this process is a concentrate containing gold ore with great content, and mud washing consisting of mineral impurities in gold ore. Further processed to concentrate the gold extraction process.
Froth Flotation / Separation flotation
Flotation is a separation process used to produce copper-gold concentrate. Slurry consisting of ore concentrate that has been refined (the mill) and water are mixed with reagents incorporated into a series of tank stirrer called flotation cells, where additional air is pumped into the slurry.
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